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The All Souls' Day
Mass, 2003, featured Jacob Clemens' " Missa defunctorum,"
a medieval requiem mass presented by Polyhymnia
.
Jacob Clemens (called Clemens non Papa ) was one
of the later representatives of the school of Flemish composers,
who collectively so dominated European music in the Renaissance
period. In the hierarchy of that school he was of the fourth
generation - if Dufay be taken as the first, Ockeghem as the
second, and Josquin as the third - with Lassus and de Monte
yet to come as the fifth and last. Unlike many of his colleagues
who were open to all the innovations of their time, Clemens
remained a conservative figure, preferring to continue with
the introverted, reflective style of composition which so
well suited his predecessors, resisting the increasingly humanistic
style of the Italians.
Although it was the fashion amongst Flemish musicians to study
and work in Italy, there is no evidence that Clemens ever
did. This disinterestedness for outside inspiration makes
Clemens an unusually valuable contributor to the Netherlands
school, preserving his old-fashioned view while compatriots
like Willaert (in Venice), de Rore and de Wert (itinerant
in northern Italy), and later Lassus (in Munich) were moving
slowly out of the Renaissance altogether. It could be argued
that this move was the death of the Netherlands school, since
in the end the Italians were much better at Baroque thought
and Monteverdi's revolution was an entirely Italian affair.
All the pieces on this recording show essentially Flemish
thought at its most typical.
Clemens' posthumous reputation has been coloured by some strange
circumstances - his enigmatic nick-name, his lack of precise
dates and therefore of anniversary years; and the fact that
much of his finest work is to Dutch texts (the Souterliedekens
) - again not a detail which is true of his leading compatriots.
The nick-name seems to have been nothing more than an affectionate
joke. There is no obvious reason why it should have been necessary
to distinguish him from Pope Clement VII (who anyway died
in 1534), nor why he should have been confused with the poet
Jacobus Papa in Ieper (Ypres), who happened to have the same
first name as him. Clemens spent most of his life in the Dutch-speaking
part of modern Belgium, especially in Bruges, Antwerp and
Ypres; but he also regularly visited the southernmost parts
of present-day Holland, appearing for instance in Leiden,
Dordrecht and 's-Hertogenbosch. It was for the Marian Brotherhood
in 's-Hertogenbosch in 1550 that he wrote Ego flos campi
.
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